{
  "date": "2026-10-22",
  "scope": "近代悬索桥主跨纪录增长，1820–2022；资料核查截至2026-10-22",
  "records": [
    {
      "id": "union",
      "year": 1820,
      "L_m": 137.16,
      "name_zh": "联合链桥",
      "name_en": "Union Chain Bridge",
      "source_ids": [
        "union"
      ],
      "note": "近代铁链悬索桥序列起点；古代纪录另述。",
      "photo_id": null,
      "evidence": "B"
    },
    {
      "id": "menai",
      "year": 1826,
      "L_m": 176,
      "name_zh": "梅奈悬索桥",
      "name_en": "Menai Suspension Bridge",
      "source_ids": [
        "menai"
      ],
      "note": "铁链承拉、石砌桥塔。图中照片摄于2019年，并非初建状态。",
      "photo_id": "menai",
      "evidence": "A"
    },
    {
      "id": "fribourg",
      "year": 1834,
      "L_m": 271,
      "name_zh": "弗里堡大悬索桥",
      "name_en": "Grand Pont Suspendu, Fribourg",
      "source_ids": [
        "fribourg",
        "fribourg-alt"
      ],
      "note": "271 m为历史目录值；另有273 m资料，口径未完全消解。",
      "photo_id": null,
      "evidence": "B*"
    },
    {
      "id": "wheeling",
      "year": 1849,
      "L_m": 307.848,
      "name_zh": "惠灵悬索桥",
      "name_en": "Wheeling Suspension Bridge",
      "source_ids": [
        "wheeling"
      ],
      "note": "1854年风毁、1856年重建。本图记录曾达到的跨度，不等于持续在役纪录。",
      "photo_id": null,
      "evidence": "A"
    },
    {
      "id": "roebling",
      "year": 1866,
      "L_m": 322.1736,
      "name_zh": "约翰·A.罗布林桥",
      "name_en": "John A. Roebling Suspension Bridge",
      "source_ids": [
        "roebling",
        "roebling-span"
      ],
      "note": "1866年首次开放；正式启用记为1867的资料也存在。",
      "photo_id": null,
      "evidence": "A"
    },
    {
      "id": "clifton",
      "year": 1869,
      "L_m": 384.048,
      "name_zh": "尼亚加拉克利夫顿桥",
      "name_en": "Clifton / Upper Suspension Bridge",
      "source_ids": [
        "clifton"
      ],
      "note": "1869年1月开放。与1855年罗布林铁路悬索桥、1851年Queenston桥不是同一座。",
      "photo_id": null,
      "evidence": "A"
    },
    {
      "id": "brooklyn",
      "year": 1883,
      "L_m": 486.3084,
      "name_zh": "布鲁克林桥",
      "name_en": "Brooklyn Bridge",
      "source_ids": [
        "brooklyn"
      ],
      "note": "主缆、垂直吊索和斜拉索并用；并非“斜拉桥出现后取代悬索桥”的线性历史。",
      "photo_id": "brooklyn",
      "evidence": "A"
    },
    {
      "id": "williamsburg",
      "year": 1903,
      "L_m": 487.68,
      "name_zh": "威廉斯堡桥",
      "name_en": "Williamsburg Bridge",
      "source_ids": [
        "williamsburg"
      ],
      "note": "只比前纪录略长；跨径增长并非每次都是技术突跃。",
      "photo_id": null,
      "evidence": "A"
    },
    {
      "id": "bear",
      "year": 1924,
      "L_m": 497.4336,
      "name_zh": "熊山桥",
      "name_en": "Bear Mountain Bridge",
      "source_ids": [
        "bear"
      ],
      "note": "两侧桥面未由主缆悬吊，提醒边跨比需先核支承方式。",
      "photo_id": null,
      "evidence": "A"
    },
    {
      "id": "ben",
      "year": 1926,
      "L_m": 533.4,
      "name_zh": "本杰明·富兰克林桥",
      "name_en": "Benjamin Franklin Bridge",
      "source_ids": [
        "ben"
      ],
      "note": "原称特拉华河桥，主跨1750 ft。",
      "photo_id": null,
      "evidence": "A"
    },
    {
      "id": "ambassador",
      "year": 1929,
      "L_m": 563.88,
      "name_zh": "大使桥",
      "name_en": "Ambassador Bridge",
      "source_ids": [
        "ambassador",
        "wiki",
        "fribourg"
      ],
      "note": "1850 ft采用目录与工程史交叉值；业主证实1929年创纪录。",
      "photo_id": null,
      "evidence": "B"
    },
    {
      "id": "gwb",
      "year": 1931,
      "L_m": 1066.8,
      "name_zh": "乔治·华盛顿桥",
      "name_en": "George Washington Bridge",
      "source_ids": [
        "gwb",
        "gwb-span"
      ],
      "note": "主跨跨过1000 m门槛。1931初始状态与1962增建下层后的断面必须分开。",
      "photo_id": null,
      "evidence": "A"
    },
    {
      "id": "golden",
      "year": 1937,
      "L_m": 1280.16,
      "name_zh": "金门大桥",
      "name_en": "Golden Gate Bridge",
      "source_ids": [
        "golden",
        "golden-history"
      ],
      "note": "主跨4200 ft。所配1936年施工照片显示桥面尚未贯通。",
      "photo_id": "gg-deck",
      "evidence": "A"
    },
    {
      "id": "verrazzano",
      "year": 1964,
      "L_m": 1298.448,
      "name_zh": "韦拉扎诺海峡大桥",
      "name_en": "Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge",
      "source_ids": [
        "verrazzano",
        "golden-history"
      ],
      "note": "主跨4260 ft；此处仅采用跨径，不借用有争议的旧垂度数值。",
      "photo_id": null,
      "evidence": "A"
    },
    {
      "id": "humber",
      "year": 1981,
      "L_m": 1410,
      "name_zh": "亨伯桥",
      "name_en": "Humber Bridge",
      "source_ids": [
        "humber",
        "golden-history"
      ],
      "note": "左右悬吊边跨280、530 m，因地形和岸线条件并不对称。",
      "photo_id": null,
      "evidence": "A"
    },
    {
      "id": "akashi",
      "year": 1998,
      "L_m": 1991,
      "name_zh": "明石海峡大桥",
      "name_en": "Akashi Kaikyo Bridge",
      "source_ids": [
        "akashi"
      ],
      "note": "1998年4月5日通车。同年稍后开放的大贝尔特桥为第二长，没有夺得纪录。",
      "photo_id": "akashi",
      "evidence": "A"
    },
    {
      "id": "canakkale",
      "year": 2022,
      "L_m": 2023,
      "name_zh": "1915恰纳卡莱大桥",
      "name_en": "1915 Çanakkale Bridge",
      "source_ids": [
        "canakkale-built",
        "canakkale-date",
        "canakkale-span"
      ],
      "note": "2022年3月18日通车；桥名中的1915是纪念年份，2023是主跨米数。",
      "photo_id": "canakkale",
      "evidence": "A"
    }
  ],
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "wiki",
      "title": "Wikipedia — List of longest suspension bridge spans",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_longest_suspension_bridge_spans",
      "locator": "History of longest suspension spans",
      "note": "按用户要求以历史表为线索；现代已建表与历史表范围不同。本图排除古代存在性或跨度口径不明项目，逐桥补核关键节点。",
      "tier": "C—可变的百科目录，不作最终工程尺寸证据",
      "checked": "2026-10-22"
    },
    {
      "id": "union",
      "title": "Royal Society: An amateur’s contribution to the design of Telford’s Menai Suspension Bridge",
      "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4360092/",
      "locator": "2015论文中Union Bridge与Menai设计史",
      "note": "Union Bridge于1820年建成，450 ft为约137 m。论文引用当年的Gilbert资料。",
      "tier": "B—引用原始文献的学术史研究",
      "checked": "2026-10-22"
    },
    {
      "id": "menai",
      "title": "Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales — Menai Bridge",
      "url": "https://coflein.gov.uk/en/sites/43063",
      "locator": "工程遗产记录",
      "note": "1826年完成；两主塔之间跨度176 m。现代照片所见为后期维护改造状态。",
      "tier": "A—业主/政府/工程学会或原论文",
      "checked": "2026-10-22"
    },
    {
      "id": "fribourg",
      "title": "Forth Bridge World Heritage Nomination Document",
      "url": "https://forthbridges-live.cssoftware.co.uk/media/rvrb40ql/forth-bridge-world-heritage-nomination-document.pdf",
      "locator": "§3.2.4 The Longest Spans，历史纪录表",
      "note": "1834年Fribourg（Zaehringen）271 m；属于官方提名文件的历史汇编，不是该桥竣工图。",
      "tier": "B—官方历史汇编",
      "checked": "2026-10-22"
    },
    {
      "id": "fribourg-alt",
      "title": "IESF — Les ponts suspendus de Joseph Chaley en Suisse",
      "url": "https://www.iesf.fr/offres/file_inline_src/752/752_P_39479_574beb0210477_5.pdf",
      "locator": "第1页，Fribourg / Zaehringen",
      "note": "2011工程史资料给273 m。与271 m存在口径差异，本图保留271 m作为目录值并明确待核，不推定2 m差异的原因。",
      "tier": "B—工程史资料；数值分歧保留",
      "checked": "2026-10-22"
    },
    {
      "id": "wheeling",
      "title": "ASCE — Wheeling Suspension Bridge",
      "url": "https://www.asce.org/about-civil-engineering/history-and-heritage/historic-landmarks/wheeling-suspension-bridge/",
      "locator": "Facts与历史正文",
      "note": "塔间1010 ft，初建1849，1854毁于风，1856重建。ASCE页头1856是重建年，不应替换首次创纪录年份。",
      "tier": "A—业主/政府/工程学会或原论文",
      "checked": "2026-10-22"
    },
    {
      "id": "roebling",
      "title": "Kentucky Transportation Cabinet — 1982 Survey of Truss Suspension and Arch Bridges",
      "url": "https://transportation.ky.gov/Archaeology/Documents/1982%20Survey%20of%20Truss%20Suspension%20and%20Arch%20Bridges%20in%20KY.pdf",
      "locator": "印刷页61，Roebling桥条目",
      "note": "1866年12月1日首次开放的记载。正式启用常记1867，本图统一采用首次开放年。",
      "tier": "A—业主/政府/工程学会或原论文",
      "checked": "2026-10-22"
    },
    {
      "id": "roebling-span",
      "title": "Kentucky Transportation Cabinet — Contract 09-2959",
      "url": "https://transportation.ky.gov/Construction-Procurement/Proposals/100-KENTON-09-2959.pdf",
      "locator": "PDF第15页（印刷页−1）",
      "note": "悬吊桁梁三跨292–1057–292 ft，主跨1057 ft。",
      "tier": "A—业主/政府/工程学会或原论文",
      "checked": "2026-10-22"
    },
    {
      "id": "clifton",
      "title": "Library of Congress / HAER — Contextual Essay on Wire Bridges",
      "url": "https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/master/pnp/habshaer/nj/nj1700/nj1749/data/nj1749data.pdf",
      "locator": "HAER NJ-132，印刷页56，条目63",
      "note": "Clifton/Upper Suspension Bridge于1867–68年施工，1869年1月通车；主跨1260 ft。1889年桥面被风毁坏，后重建。",
      "tier": "A—业主/政府/工程学会或原论文",
      "checked": "2026-10-22"
    },
    {
      "id": "brooklyn",
      "title": "NYC DOT — Brooklyn Bridge",
      "url": "https://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/html/infrastructure/brooklyn-bridge.shtml",
      "locator": "历史与工程数据",
      "note": "1883年开放，主跨1595.5 ft；主缆与斜拉索共存的早期组合。",
      "tier": "A—业主/政府/工程学会或原论文",
      "checked": "2026-10-22"
    },
    {
      "id": "williamsburg",
      "title": "NYC DOT — Williamsburg Bridge",
      "url": "https://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/html/infrastructure/williamsburg-bridge.shtml",
      "locator": "桥梁历史",
      "note": "1903年开放，主跨1600 ft，超过布鲁克林桥成为当时最长悬索桥。",
      "tier": "A—业主/政府/工程学会或原论文",
      "checked": "2026-10-22"
    },
    {
      "id": "bear",
      "title": "New York State Bridge Authority — Bear Mountain Statistics",
      "url": "https://www.nysba.ny.gov/wysiwyg/bmb/bmbpage/bmb_stats.htm",
      "locator": "Dimensions / history",
      "note": "1924年11月27日开放，主跨1632 ft。两侧桥面由陡升地形上的支承承托，不能按全桥长反算悬吊边跨。",
      "tier": "A—业主/政府/工程学会或原论文",
      "checked": "2026-10-22"
    },
    {
      "id": "ben",
      "title": "Delaware River Port Authority — Ben Franklin Bridge",
      "url": "https://www.drpa.org/bridges/ben-franklin-bridge.asp",
      "locator": "桥梁尺寸与历史",
      "note": "1926年开放，主跨1750 ft，侧跨717 ft。",
      "tier": "A—业主/政府/工程学会或原论文",
      "checked": "2026-10-22"
    },
    {
      "id": "ambassador",
      "title": "Ambassador Bridge — Bridge Facts",
      "url": "https://www.ambassadorbridge.com/bridge-facts/",
      "locator": "Build the Bridge / A Hard First Decade",
      "note": "业主确认1929年建成时为最长悬索桥。本轮主跨1850 ft仍结合百科目录与工程史汇编，不把该网页当作给出1850 ft的原始尺寸表。",
      "tier": "A—业主/政府/工程学会或原论文",
      "checked": "2026-10-22"
    },
    {
      "id": "gwb",
      "title": "Port Authority — The Making of the George Washington Bridge",
      "url": "https://portfolio.panynj.gov/2015/05/07/throwback-thursday-on-the-hudson-river-the-making-of-the-george-washington-bridge/",
      "locator": "2015-05-07机构工程史",
      "note": "1931年10月25日通车，开通时创主跨纪录。此处只比较跨度，不把1931与1962双层断面混为同一状态。",
      "tier": "A—业主/政府/工程学会或原论文",
      "checked": "2026-10-22"
    },
    {
      "id": "gwb-span",
      "title": "ASCE — George Washington Bridge",
      "url": "https://www.asce.org/about-civil-engineering/history-and-heritage/historic-landmarks/george-washington-bridge",
      "locator": "主跨与完成年份",
      "note": "1931年，主跨3500 ft。",
      "tier": "A—业主/政府/工程学会或原论文",
      "checked": "2026-10-22"
    },
    {
      "id": "golden",
      "title": "Golden Gate Bridge District — Design & Construction Stats",
      "url": "https://www.goldengate.org/bridge/history-research/statistics-data/design-construction-stats/",
      "locator": "Bridge Dimensions",
      "note": "主跨4200 ft；两侧悬吊边跨各1125 ft。",
      "tier": "A—业主/政府/工程学会或原论文",
      "checked": "2026-10-22"
    },
    {
      "id": "golden-history",
      "title": "Golden Gate Bridge District — FAQs",
      "url": "https://www.goldengate.org/bridge/history-research/statistics-data/faqs/",
      "locator": "历史纪录问题",
      "note": "1937年通车至1964年保持主跨纪录；Verrazzano于1964年11月21日开放。",
      "tier": "A—业主/政府/工程学会或原论文",
      "checked": "2026-10-22"
    },
    {
      "id": "verrazzano",
      "title": "MTA — Contract VN-8Q Project Overview",
      "url": "https://www.mta.info/document/136431",
      "locator": "桥梁概况与跨度",
      "note": "主跨4260 ft。该数值不等于本图谱已撤回的旧垂度117 m；历史跨径不受垂度撤回影响。",
      "tier": "A—业主/政府/工程学会或原论文",
      "checked": "2026-10-22"
    },
    {
      "id": "humber",
      "title": "Humber Bridge Board — Statistics",
      "url": "https://www.humberbridge.co.uk/behind-the-scenes/statistics/",
      "locator": "Length of spans",
      "note": "主跨1410 m；1981年开放，左右悬吊边跨280、530 m。",
      "tier": "A—业主/政府/工程学会或原论文",
      "checked": "2026-10-22"
    },
    {
      "id": "akashi",
      "title": "JB Honshi — Akashi Kaikyo Bridge",
      "url": "https://www.jb-honshi.co.jp/corp_index/technology/introduction/introduction_akashi.html",
      "locator": "供用日与中央支间",
      "note": "1998年4月5日通车，主跨1991 m。网页明确同年Great Belt开通时为第二，不应列作纪录保持者。",
      "tier": "A—业主/政府/工程学会或原论文",
      "checked": "2026-10-22"
    },
    {
      "id": "canakkale-date",
      "title": "1915 Çanakkale — CEO’s Message",
      "url": "https://www.1915canakkale.com/en-us/corporate/ceos-message",
      "locator": "开通日期",
      "note": "2022年3月18日运营，主跨纪录桥；1915是桥名纪念年份。",
      "tier": "A—业主/政府/工程学会或原论文",
      "checked": "2026-10-22"
    },
    {
      "id": "canakkale-span",
      "title": "1915 Çanakkale — ESIA",
      "url": "https://www.1915canakkale.com/cmsfiles/Galleries/6796/environmental-and-social-impact-assessment-esia.pdf?v=1",
      "locator": "印刷页43，Table 2-10、Fig 2-17",
      "note": "设计主跨2023 m，悬吊边跨各770 m；总长、引桥长度分列。",
      "tier": "A—业主/政府/工程学会或原论文",
      "checked": "2026-10-22"
    },
    {
      "id": "humen-event",
      "title": "广东省人民政府 — 虎门大桥突发情况应对处置",
      "url": "https://www.gd.gov.cn/gdywdt/gdyw/content/post_2988926.html",
      "locator": "2020-05-07，文末事件说明",
      "note": "5月5日下午悬索桥主梁发生较大竖向弯曲振动。初步判断为特定风环境下桥梁涡振；页面未将其定性为颤振。",
      "tier": "A—业主/政府/工程学会或原论文",
      "checked": "2026-10-22"
    },
    {
      "id": "belt-hanger",
      "title": "Andersen & Laursen — Fatigue analysis of hanger cables exposed to vibrations at the Great Belt East Bridge",
      "url": "https://ishmii.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/SHMII3-FA5.pdf",
      "locator": "SHMII-3，2007，摘要与Introduction",
      "note": "设计顾问COWI与业主Sund & Bælt作者：1998年竣工前后发现大振幅吊索振动；长于100 m的吊索在冬季较突出。这里只列观测，不把旧寿命预测当今日剩余寿命。",
      "tier": "A—业主/政府/工程学会或原论文",
      "checked": "2026-10-22"
    },
    {
      "id": "tsing-buffet",
      "title": "Xu & Zhu — Buffeting response under skew winds, Part 2",
      "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0022460X04001373",
      "locator": "Journal of Sound and Vibration 281 (2005) 675–697，摘要",
      "note": "青马大桥WASHMS在1999-08-22台风Sam期间记录风与桥梁响应，用于抖振计算和实测比较。DOI 10.1016/j.jsv.2004.01.025。",
      "tier": "A—业主/政府/工程学会或原论文",
      "checked": "2026-10-22"
    },
    {
      "id": "stabilizer",
      "title": "Piana & Carpentieri — 2021原论文机构存档",
      "url": "https://iris.polito.it/retrieve/handle/11583/2913780/502776",
      "locator": "印刷页1082，Figure 2(a)(b)",
      "note": "Figure 2(a)有明石海峡大桥与桥底照片，2(b)断面明确标vertical stabilizer。尚未确认原图独立再利用许可，本项目只链接查看原图，不复制为开放图片。",
      "tier": "A—业主/政府/工程学会或原论文",
      "checked": "2026-10-22"
    },
    {
      "id": "ulsan-anchor",
      "title": "Yooshin — The design of structural steel frames of tunnel type anchorage in Ulsan Grand Bridge",
      "url": "https://www.yooshin.com/assets/files/technical_bulletin/17/18_%EC%9A%B8%EC%82%B0%EB%8C%80%EA%B5%90_%ED%84%B0%EB%84%90%EC%8B%9D_%EC%95%B5%EC%BB%A4%EB%A6%AC%EC%A7%80%EC%9D%98_%EA%B0%95%EC%9E%AC_%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EC%9E%84_%EC%84%A4%EA%B3%84_%EC%9D%B4%EC%83%81%EC%9A%B1_%EB%B0%95%EA%B8%B0%EC%9B%85_%EC%9E%84%EC%A7%80%EC%84%AD_%EC%9E%A5%EC%98%81%EC%9D%BC_.pdf",
      "locator": "2010年第17号，印刷页232–242",
      "note": "东岸65 m隧道锚设计、钢框架与施工顺序原图。设计文件中的长度与塔至锚碇水平投影不是同一尺寸；未确认图片开放许可，仅链接。",
      "tier": "A—业主/政府/工程学会或原论文",
      "checked": "2026-10-22"
    },
    {
      "id": "ulsan-built",
      "title": "Hyundai E&C — Ulsan Bridge",
      "url": "https://en.hdec.kr/en/tech/project.aspx?bizIntro=341&searchType=CIVIL",
      "locator": "承建单位工程介绍",
      "note": "确认东岸陡坡采用隧道式锚碇以适应地形、减少环境影响。全线8380 m不等于悬索主跨1150 m。",
      "tier": "A—业主/政府/工程学会或原论文",
      "checked": "2026-10-22"
    },
    {
      "id": "tsing-final",
      "title": "香港路政署 — Tsing Ma Bridge Factsheet",
      "url": "https://www.hyd.gov.hk/en/information_corner/hyd_factsheets/doc/e_Tsing_Ma_Bridge.pdf",
      "locator": "单页总布置图与Anchorages段",
      "note": "成桥两岸重力锚；马湾侧悬吊355.5 m；塔外495 m；青衣288 m为4×72 m墩支承区段。不能把早期方案中的隧道锚移植到成桥资料。",
      "tier": "A—业主/政府/工程学会或原论文",
      "checked": "2026-10-22"
    },
    {
      "id": "stabilizer-runyang",
      "title": "项海帆、葛耀君 — 大跨度桥梁抗风技术挑战与基础研究",
      "url": "https://www.engineering.org.cn/sscae/CN/1160098740914675992",
      "locator": "中国工程科学 2011, 13(9):8–21；印刷页10图3（PDF第3页）",
      "note": "图3为润扬长江大桥桥面上中央稳定板的真实照片；本文报告高度0.88 m。它是桥面上的稳定板，与明石海峡大桥桥面下方的稳定板位置不同，不可互换照片或断面。采用期刊原站PDF在线展示，未确认图片独立再分发许可。",
      "tier": "A—业主/政府/工程学会或原论文",
      "checked": "2026-10-22"
    },
    {
      "id": "stabilizer-takeguchi",
      "title": "竹口昌弘 — 明石海峡大橋を体感する",
      "url": "https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jawe/45/4/45_283/_pdf/-char/ja",
      "locator": "日本風工学会誌45(4), 2020, pp.283–286；PDF第4页（印刷页286），写真13",
      "note": "作者为本四高速长大桥技术中心防食・耐风组负责人。写真13为中央径间实桥照片，标明竖向稳定板和开口格栅；同页写真12为侧径间断面。原文明确这些稳定措施设在中央径间，不应用岸边侧跨照片冒充。DOI:10.5359/jawe.45.283。免费阅读不等于图片开放再分发许可。",
      "tier": "A—业主/政府/工程学会或原论文",
      "checked": "2026-10-22"
    },
    {
      "id": "chishui-anchor-photo",
      "title": "中新网 — 叙古高速赤水河大桥隧道锚开挖结束",
      "url": "https://www.chinanews.com/cj/2018/06-08/8533731.shtml",
      "locator": "2018-06-08；正文第三张照片，摄影钟旭娟",
      "note": "原图注明确为赤水河大桥隧道锚施工现场。作为现场照片出处使用；本文不采用新闻报道中的受力比喻作为技术依据。原站保留版权，未确认开放再分发许可。",
      "tier": "B—现场新闻照片；非设计尺寸证据",
      "checked": "2026-10-22"
    },
    {
      "id": "canakkale-built",
      "title": "Türkiye General Directorate of Highways — 1915 Çanakkale Bridge",
      "url": "https://www.kgm.gov.tr/Sayfalar/KGM/SiteEng/Projeler/ProjelerDetay.aspx?q=148",
      "locator": "业主已运营项目介绍，核查2026-10-22",
      "note": "截至核查日主跨2023 m为已建悬索桥最长主跨；边跨各770 m。主桥3563 m与含引桥全长4608 m分列。",
      "tier": "A—业主/政府/工程学会或原论文",
      "checked": "2026-10-22"
    },
    {
      "id": "zhangjinggao-status",
      "title": "江苏省交通运输厅 — 张靖皋长江大桥南航道桥先导索成功过江",
      "url": "https://jtyst.jiangsu.gov.cn/art/2026/9/16/art_41297_11830662.html",
      "locator": "2026-09-16；正文第1–2段",
      "note": "2300 m主跨仍在建。2026-09-10完成先导索过江，转入上部结构施工关键阶段；不能作为2025或2026已建纪录。",
      "tier": "A—业主/政府/工程学会或原论文",
      "checked": "2026-10-22"
    },
    {
      "id": "shiziyang-status",
      "title": "广州市港务局 — 狮子洋大桥主塔封顶",
      "url": "https://gwj.gz.gov.cn/ghzt/zdjsxm/content/post_10747998.html",
      "locator": "2026-03-30工程进展",
      "note": "2180 m主跨仍在建；主塔封顶并非通车。排除在已实现跨度纪录主线之外。",
      "tier": "A—业主/政府/工程学会或原论文",
      "checked": "2026-10-22"
    }
  ],
  "rules": [
    "按近代工程记录中的已实现主跨整理，主线始于1820年；是“历史上已达到的跨度”包络，不是在任意年份仍在役桥梁的排名。",
    "以塔间主跨/悬吊桥面主跨作比较，不能用全桥长、主缆全长或不相同的缆跨代替。英尺按0.3048换算，显示到米；小数位不代表原始测量精度。",
    "同年完成项目按开放顺序核查；短命桥与后期重建保留首创年、在说明中写明，不靠存续时间删除纪录。",
    "古代Yaxchilan桥存在性未证实；Chushul Chakzam的年代、主跨及使用形式依赖历史报道，不与近代工程数据拼作一条精确曲线。",
    "1851年Queenston–Lewiston桥常见317 m为缆跨，悬吊桥面约258 m，且1864年风毁；不把317 m接入本图主跨包络。详见百科历史表及其原始引文。",
    "1834年Fribourg跨度271/273 m尚有资料分歧，以空心点提示；不据跨度增长曲线外推下一座桥的建成年份。",
    "核查截至2026-10-22：已建主跨纪录仍为2022年开放的1915恰纳卡莱大桥（2023 m）。张靖皋南航道桥2300 m与狮子洋大桥2180 m仍在建，不加入已建纪录线。"
  ],
  "photos": [
    {
      "id": "catwalk-sas",
      "file": "catwalk-sas.jpg",
      "caption": "湾桥东段自锚式悬索桥：主缆架设用猫道",
      "note": "2011年施工照片。自锚体系的桥面先由临时结构支承，不能据此推成所有悬索桥的架设顺序。",
      "source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SFOBBESR-SASCatwalks-Jun24.jpg",
      "license": "CC0",
      "license_url": "http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en"
    },
    {
      "id": "deck-sas",
      "file": "deck-sas.jpg",
      "caption": "湾桥东段自锚式悬索桥：猫道与桥面安装",
      "note": "猫道及运索设备已架设，东端正在安装桥面节段。桥面临时支承与成桥索承载状态须区分。",
      "source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SFOBBESR-2011-10-01.jpg",
      "license": "CC0",
      "license_url": "http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en"
    },
    {
      "id": "spinning-1935",
      "file": "spinning-1935.jpg",
      "caption": "湾桥西段：1935年纺缆小车",
      "note": "历史工程记录中的空中纺缆设备，不是成桥吊索。",
      "source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Caltrans,_Photographer_August_22,_1935_%22NORTH_CABLE-SPAN_W1-W2%22;_VIEW_OF_CABLE_SPINNING_TROLLEY_NORTH_CABLE_SPAN_W1-W2_UNDER_CONSTRUCTION._6-1238_-_San_Francisco_HAER_CAL,38-SANFRA,141-335.tif",
      "license": "Public domain",
      "license_url": ""
    },
    {
      "id": "gg-construction",
      "file": "gg-construction.jpg",
      "caption": "金门大桥：施工中的主缆与架设设备",
      "note": "美国国家公园局历史照片；保留档案原图内容。",
      "source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:View_of_Golden_Gate_Bridge_construction.jpg",
      "license": "Public domain",
      "license_url": ""
    },
    {
      "id": "gg-deck",
      "file": "gg-deck.jpg",
      "caption": "金门大桥：1936年桥面尚未贯通",
      "note": "1936年11月真实历史照片；主缆、吊索与局部已架桥面同时可见。",
      "source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:US_Navy_aircraft_carriers_passing_under_the_Golden_Gate_Bridge_in_November_1936.jpg",
      "license": "Public domain",
      "license_url": ""
    },
    {
      "id": "gg-anchorage",
      "file": "gg-anchorage.jpg",
      "caption": "金门大桥：北岸混凝土锚碇",
      "note": "HAER历史工程记录照片，Jet Lowe摄。锚碇外部照片不能替代内部锚固构造图。",
      "source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:GENERAL_VIEW,_LOOKING_SOUTH,_SHOWING_CONCRETE_ANCHORAGE_AT_THE_NORTH_ABUTMENT_-_Golden_Gate_Bridge,_Spanning_mouth_of_San_Francisco_Bay,_San_Francisco,_San_Francisco_County,_HAER_CAL,38-SANFRA,140-6.tif",
      "license": "Public domain",
      "license_url": ""
    },
    {
      "id": "humen",
      "file": "humen.jpg",
      "caption": "虎门大桥全景",
      "note": "普通实桥照片，不是2020年振动发生时的影像；事件说明见广东省政府2020年5月7日通报。",
      "source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Humen_Bridge-1.jpg",
      "license": "CC BY 2.0",
      "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0"
    },
    {
      "id": "menai",
      "file": "menai.jpg",
      "caption": "梅奈悬索桥：2019年实景",
      "note": "现代照片记录的是经历更换与维护后的桥梁，不等同于1826年原始构造。",
      "source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Menai_Suspension_Bridge_Gwynedd_2019_Day.jpg",
      "license": "CC BY 4.0",
      "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"
    },
    {
      "id": "brooklyn",
      "file": "brooklyn.jpg",
      "caption": "布鲁克林桥：历史明信片",
      "note": "历史图像，可识别主缆、吊索与斜拉索；不是现代拍摄的现状测绘。",
      "source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:New_York_and_Brooklyn_Bridge._Copr._Geo._P._Hall_%26_Son._(NBY_7147).jpg",
      "license": "Public domain",
      "license_url": ""
    },
    {
      "id": "akashi",
      "file": "akashi.jpg",
      "caption": "明石海峡大桥：2004年实景",
      "note": "主跨1991 m；照片不作为垂度和吊点尺寸的测量来源。",
      "source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Akashi_Kaiky%C5%8D_Bridge,_2004-08-27.jpg",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"
    },
    {
      "id": "canakkale",
      "file": "canakkale.jpg",
      "caption": "1915恰纳卡莱大桥实景",
      "note": "2022年通车，主跨2023 m。桥名中的1915不是通车年份。",
      "source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:1915_%C3%87anakkale_Bridge_2.jpg",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
      "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"
    }
  ]
}